Human black bear conflicts nevada department of wildlife. To find out the reasons for humananimal conflict 2. We suggest that we should distinguish between humanwildlife impacts and humanhuman conflicts and be explicit about the different interests involved in conflict. For example, in july 2010 a village banana plantation was destroyed by elephants at akak. Human wildlife conflict in india people and wildlife. Human wildlife conflict hwc is fast becoming a critical threat to the survival of many globally endangered species, in particular to large and rare mammals such as the sumatran tiger panthera tigris sumatrae and the asian lion panthera leo persica, but also to less endangered species such as the snow leopard uncia uncia and the red colobus monkey procolocus kirkii. The first phase of the project is a survey in the rural community in which a local researcher has been evaluating all human wildlife conflict incidents. The conflict between humans and elephants in the kunene region is worsening because of the drought, and desperate needs may call for desperate measures, outjo district representative of the namibia. The government has received flak of late on the current legislation that is outdated with very low rates of compensation for damage inflicted by wildlife, as well as what has been described in particular by communities in the kunene and zambezi regions. Transboundary protected area impacts on communities. The purpose of the study was to assess the factors influencing human wildlife conflict in communities living around lake nakuru national park. The creating coexistence workshop at the 5th annual world parks congress 817 september 2003, montreal defined. The number of incidents of human wildlife conflict caused by all species in. Humanwildlife conflict hwc has been highlighted as one of the key obstacles to linking conservation and poverty alleviation pclg 2010.
The human wildlife conflict crisis hwc occurs when humans or wildlife harm or threaten one another in the course of pursuing their needs or interests. Summary conflicts between humans and wildlife have occurred since the dawn of humanity. The growing human population,deforestation,loss of habitat and decline in their prey species are few major reason behind the human wildlife conflict in india. Recent literature on humanwildlife conflict and its control measures are given below. Such conflicts commonly take place as cropraiding events and as attack by wild. Hidden impacts of humanwildlife conflict may be defined as costs characterized as uncompensated, temporally delayed, psychological or social in nature. Regional consultations for input on the revised national policy on human wildlife conflict which commenced on 15 september are underway.
Human wildlife conflict, particularly human carnivore conflict, is a growing problem in todays crowded world, and can have significant impacts on both human and wildlife populations. Review of literature 7 humanwildlife conflict is a global issue, which has been extensively studied all over the world. The file contains a set of yellow cards, one card for each monitoring theme topic. Best practice guidelines for the prevention and mitigation. Definition humanwildlife conflict is defined by the world wide fund for nature as any interaction between humans and wildlife that results in negative impact on human social, economic or cultural life, on the conservation of wildlife populations, or on the environment. Human wildlife conflict resolution introduction an animal or bird becomes a problem animal when. Humanwildlife conflict on small, subsistence farms in kenya. Interaction between wild animals and people and the resultant negative impact on people or their resources, or wild animals or their habitat. Dozens of mechanisms and strategies have been initiated in an effort to reduce and manage humanwildlife conflicts and provide longterm solution to the prevalent resource use. This paper documents the farmers views rather than. Humanwildlife conflict hwc is an increasingly significant obstacle to the conservation of.
Inquiries by researchers at cornell and other institutions and agencies have shed light on stakeholder concerns about their interactions. Humanwildlife conflict is defined by the world wide fund for nature wwf as any interaction between humans and wildlife that results in negative impacts of human social, economic or cultural life, on the conservation of wildlife populations, or on the environment. This is mainly due to expanding human populations and the continued loss of natural habitats. Lessons learned from awfs african heartlands awf working papers, 2005 metcalfe, s. The ministry of by farmers and other affected parties in environment and tourism met will assist managing conflict. Lessons from awfs african heartlands introduction in the developed world potentially dangerous megafauna have largely been exterminated as a result of the. Humanwildlife conflict across urbanization gradients. Due to the availability of food resources in agricultural crop fields wildlife population is increasing outside of protected areas and their crop raiding activities is affecting life. In many parts of the world, people and animals are increasingly coming into conflict over living space and food. Keywords humanwildlife conflict, coexistence, wildlife damage, conservation, human dimensions. Human wildlife conflict hwc is a growing problem for communities located at the borders of protected areas. In this article we use content analysis of journal articles, reports, books, and conference presentations drawn from conservation biology venues to analyze how the phrase, humanwildlife con.
In order to accomplish this study, the study objectives were. Although crop raiding occurs on commercial as well as subsistence farms, there are very few quantitative accounts of onfarm primate behaviour or. Introduction investigating the human behavioral aspects of wildlife damage management for over 25 years. This type of conflict has always existed in the natural environment, because it is obvious that animals of different species treat the human being as an opponent, threat or a target. The term hidden, synonymous with indirect or secondary impacts hunter et al. Human wildlife conflict human wildlife conflict hwc is a significant and critical threat to conservation across the world nyhus et al. According to the world conservation union, it occurs when human populations overlap with wildlife requirements resulting in costs to both native residents and animals distefano 2004. To determine what strategies are needed to reduce conflict, scientists and managers must understand the conflicts that exist on a local level. The file contains a set of yellow cards, one card for each monitoring themetopic. The purpose of this guide is to help wildlife managers with biological backgrounds integrate human dimensions considerations into wildlife damage management. One of the primary concerns with any wildlife conflict is human health and safety. Humanwildlife conflict hwc is fast becoming a critical threat to the survival of many globally endangered species, in particular to large and rare mammals such as the sumatran tiger panthera tigris sumatrae and the asian lion panthera leo persica, but also to less endangered species such as the snow leopard uncia uncia and the red colobus monkey procolocus kirkii. Research proposal on human wildlife conflict humanwildlife conflict is the conflict which occurs between the human being and the representatives of the wildlife. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science school of natural resources and environment at the university of michigan.
In africa, these conflicts have become more frequent and severe over recent decades as a result of human population growth, extension of transport routes and expansion of agricultural and. Humanwildlife conflicts impose considerable costs to people and wildlife worldwide. Lessons learned from awfs african heartlands 4 preventive measures measures that can prevent or minimise the risk of conflicts arising between people and animals include the extreme one of completely removing either the people or the animals, physically separating the two by. Lessons learned from awfs african heartlands 2 human wildlife conflict. Because reducing conflict involves changing human behavior e. Most research focuses on proximate causes, offering limited generalizable understanding of. Humanwildlife conflict worldwide tanzania natural resource. Humanwildlife conflict is a hyphenated term because humans are deeply involved in it, and if you focus only on the wildlife you wont get very far. When growing human populations overlap with established wildlife territory, creating reduction of resources or life to some people andor wild animals. It is not a new phenomenon, but the scale and scope of this conflict has been growing exponentially over time, and is likely to do so indefinitely, given indias ever.
Four sample areas were selected to collect data on humanwildlife. Case study of three southern africa transboundary conservation initiatives. To examine competition over resources as a factor influencing human wildlife conflict, to establish human encroachment to protected areas. To do critical study of humanwildlife conflict worldwide specifically in africa, asia, and europe 3.
An attempt was made to quantify the level of threat posed by different problem animals, the significance of human elephant conflict hec in the household economy, and the conservation attitude among respondents. Hgac is a subset of humanwildlife conflict that can broadly be defined as any humangreat ape interaction which results in negative effects on human social, economic or cultural life, great ape social, ecological or cultural life or the con. Interventions to reduce human wildlife conflict recommendations based on local experiences douglas sheil1,2,3 and emmanuel akampulira1 1institute of tropical forest conservation, po box 44 kabale, uganda 2center for international forestry research, pobox 01 bocbd bogor 16000, indonesia. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Research proposal on human wildlife conflict az writing. Transforming social conflict to create sustainable. Raiding impacts farmers livelihoods, reduces tolerance to wildlife and often results in lethal methods of retaliation. The study was carried out from december 20 to june 20. The task force on humanwildlife conflict was formally established on 1st march, 2016. Indias road network is expanding at a monstrous scale due to the expanding economy and. Around the world, social conflicts related to conservation issues are serious obstacles to both wildlife conservation efforts and local communities way of life. Past efforts to resolve the past efforts to resolve the conflict may have failed or there may be political issues that exacerbate the.
View humanwildlife conflicts research papers on academia. Human population growth increases the demand for natural resources. Gilleland a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy department of geography college of arts and sciences university of south florida comajor professor robert brinkmann, ph. This study, based in the idodipawaga area adjacent to tanzanias ruaha national park, explored the main drivers of conflict between people and wildlife. Humanwildlife conflict management cornell university. The growing conflict between humans and wildlife india. If the conflict is happening in a poor community, for example, most of the time people are too concerned about meeting basic needs to really think about conservation. Human wildlife conflict study namibian case study wwf. Issues and managements find, read and cite all the. It is currently in the process of assembling its members and a list will be provided in due course. Humanwildlife conflict, particularly humancarnivore conflict, is a growing problem in todays crowded world, and can have significant impacts on both human and wildlife populations. Human wildlife conflict management a practitioners guide. Human wildlife conflict is a highly politicized issue that evokes heated opinions and, often, kneejerk responses.
A response unit has also been established for humanpredator conflicts in which the research team working together with zpwma respond to quantify any damage as well as to evaluate any. Spatial, social, and ecological factors by amanda h. Pdf the conflict that occurs between people and wildlife when animals leave protected areas. Human and wildlife conflict threatens to become a problem in the maasai mara landscape. Global perspectives on local efforts to address humanwildlife conflict pdf.
Human wildlife conflicts course our humanwildlife conflict course examines problem animals in the wildlife management context. Natural wildlife territory is overlaps with the humans existence and various forms of humanwildlife conflict occur with various negative results. Humanwildlife conflict, interspecies disease, and justice in a wildliferich region of kenya. Human wildlife conflict is defined as any event in which animals injure, destroy or. Factors influencing human wildlife conflict in communities. Humanwildlife conflict refers to the interaction between wild animals and humans, and the. Understanding and addressing conflict between farmers and wildlife due to crop raiding is of increasing conservation concern. Practical mitigation of humanwildlife conflict is critical to the success of conservation in tsavo conservation area tca and wildlife conservation in kenya in general. The purpose of this research was to identify the type of human wildlife conflicts and wild mammals that cause the conflict, determine the extent of damage and to provide a better understanding of the causes of humanwildlife conflict in wondo genet district. The humanwildlife conflict crisis hwc occurs when humans or wildlife harm or threaten one another in the course of pursuing their needs or interests. Humanwildlife conflict situations often have a long history. Pdf on jan 1, 2015, janmejay sethy and others published humanwildlife conflict. Human and wildlife conflict hwc is defined as any human and wildlife interaction which results in negative effects on human social, economic, or cultural life, on wildlife conservation, or on the environment. This course explores these conflicts and resolutions.
1583 349 497 582 953 517 642 356 27 24 486 1335 846 589 1463 1520 721 1404 223 745 765 977 1484 521 1430 575 1446 851 383 154 880 16 1284 894 2 446 275 1486 391 1232 268